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Objective To discuss the correlation of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene polymorphism with cerebral infarction (CI)and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) among Tibetan nationality with cerebrovascular diseases in Qinghai Province, seek the differences in each allele of ApoE in Tibetan nationality. Methods The data from a total of 94 patients with cerebrovascular diseases was collected from the people's hospital of qinghai province, the people's hospital of guoluo prefecture , and the people's hospital of yushu prefecture as the cerebrovascular disease group, including 48 cases of cerebral infarction. There were 46 cases of cerebral hemorrhage. A total of 96 healthy Tibetan subjects were selected as the control group. DNA was extracted from all subjects. Real－time PCR was used to detect ApoE. The correlation between ApoE genotype and cerebral infarction and cerebral hemorrhage was analyzed. Results E2/E3 gene was common in Tibetan nationality with cerebrovascular diseases. E2/E3 genotype accounted for 50% in cerebral infarction group. E2/E3 (65.2%) was the most common in intracerebral hemorrhage group. E2/E4 (64.6%) was the most common in the control group. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P＜0.01). In the Tibetan population, ε3 allele genome (48.0%) was the most common in cerebral infarction group and ε2(43.5%) were the most common alleles in intracerebral hemorrhage group. In the normal control group, ε4 (49.0%) was the most common allele. Conclusion E2/E3 genotype may be related to cerebrovascular diseases. ε3 allele may be the susceptible factor of cerebral infarction wherase ε4 may be the protective factor of cerebrovascular diseases in Tibetan population.
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Objective:To study the diuretic effect of micronized powder of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H.Chen on rats.Methods:The metabolic cage method and weighing method were used in this experiment;The indictor of urine excretion in 6 h was used to study the diuretic effect of powder ofPanax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H.Chen in the water loaded rats;the output of Na +,K +,C1-in urine were measured to elucidate the related mechanization.Results:Powder of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H.Chen under high dose after administration of 2h to 5h can significantly increase the urine volume of rat compared with the blank control group (P＜0.01,P＜0.05),but no diuretic effect after administration of 6h.powder of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H.Chen under high dose could increase the urine Na+,Cl-(P ＜0.01) but reduce the K+ excretion,inhibitting the Na+ reabsorption and K+ excretion of renal tubule.It could significantly increase rat urine pH value (P＜0.01),the effect ofpH value by which is similar with the effect of hydrochlorothiazide and the effect of Jinqiancao granules.Conclusion:For the first time,this study investigated the diuretic effect of powder of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H.Chen,The relevant mechanism is that powder of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H.Chen have an impact on inhibitting the Na+ reabsorption and K+ excretion of renal tubule.
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Objective To compare the diagnostic values of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase-to-platelet ratio index (GPRI) ,aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI) and fibrosis index based on the four factors (Fib-4) for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) fibrosis and cirrhosis .Methods According to the Metavir score ,262 CHB patients were divided into F0 — F1 group (n= 131) ,F2 — F3 group (n= 102) and F4 group (n = 29 ) . The age , gender , alanine aminotransferase (ALT ) , aspartate aminotransferase (AST ) ,γ-glutamyl transpeptidas (γ-GT ) and platelet count were recorded .GPRI ,APRI ,Fib-4 scores were calculated separately .Statistical analysis was performed by t test ,Kruskal-Wallis H test ,and χ2 test .The correlations between serum models and liver fibrosis stages were analyzed using the Spearman test .Results The scores of GPRI in F0 — F1 group ,F2 — F3 group and F4 group were 0 .39 (0 .21 , 0 .95) ,1 .05 (0 .38 ,2 .39) and 2 .11 (1 .12 ,3 .33) ,respectively .The difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 40 .645 ,P< 0 .01) .APRI scores in the three groups were 0 .49 (0 .32 ,0 .97) ,0 .77 (0 .52 ,1 .52) and 1 .12 (0 .77 ,2 .50) ,respectively .The difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 32 .636 , P < 0 .01) . Fib-4 scores in the three groups were 1 .36 (0 .92 ,2 .05) ,2 .34 (1 .28 ,4 .35) and 3 .86 (3 .03 ,8 .99) , respectively .The difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 48 .943 , P< 0 .01) .Age ,γ-GT ,AST and liver fibrosis were all positively correlated with liver fibrosis (r = 0 .322 ,0 .301 and 0 .199 ,respectively , all P< 0 .05) .Platelet was negatively correlated with liver fibrosis (r = — 0 .455 , P< 0 .05) ,while ALT was not significantly associated with hepatic fibrosis (r= 0 .111 ,P= 0 .073) .GPRI ,APRI and Fib-4 were positively correlated with liver fibrosis (r = 0 .625 ,0 .417 and 0 .399 ,respectively ,all P < 0 .05) .The areas under the operating characteristic curve of GPRI for significant hepatic fibrosis , advanced liver fibrosis and cirrhosis were 0 .818 ,0 .864 and 0 .837 ,respectively .APRI for significant hepatic fibrosis , advanced liver fibrosis and cirrhosis were 0 .694 ,0 .766 and 0 .722 ,respectively ,while Fib-4 were 0 .696 , 0 .770 and 0 .724 ,respectively .The low cutoff values of GPRI for various stages of liver fibrosis were 0 .99 ,1 .04 and 1 .06 ,respectively ,and the sensitivity ,specificity ,positive predictive value (PPV ) and negative predictive value (NPV) were all higher than those of APRI and Fib-4 .The high cutoff values of GPRI for liver fibrosis at each stage were 2 .49 ,3 .69 and 6 .77 , respectively , and the sensitivity , specificity ,PPV and NPV of the diagnosis were all higher than those of APRI and Fib-4 .Conclusion The diagnostic value of GPRI for CHB liver fibrosis is higher than those of APRI and Fib-4 .
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Objective:To fast detect hypotensive drugs illegally added to the flower buds of Panax notoginseng. Methods:A laser Raman spectrometer was used to detect several chemical drugs added to the flower buds of Panax notoginseng, and the spectrum was qualitatively analyzed. Results:Raman spectroscopy could detect chemical antihypertensive drugs added to the flower buds of Panax notoginseng, and the test results were in accordance with those of the traditional method. Conclusion: Raman spectroscopy can be used for the determination of illegal additives in the flower buds of Panax notoginseng.
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Early and accurate diagnosis of hepatic fibrosis and application of antiviral therapy are the key to improving the prognosis of patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB).Liver biopsy and transient elastography cannot be widely used for the diagnosis of hepatic fibrosis in clinical practice,and therefore,the serological diagnostic model has become a hot research topic in recent years.This article introduces a new serological diagnostic model,γ-glutamyl transpeptidase-to-platelet ratio (GPR),which has a high value in the diagnosis of hepatic fibrosis in CHB patients;however,the accuracy of GPR varies between different populations and different areas.GPR is also an excellent predictor for the prognosis of hepatitis B-associated liver cancer.It is pointed out that GPR has a promising future in the diagnosis of hepatic fibrosis in CHB patients,but due to a lack of clinical research data on GPR,further studies are needed to support its application in China.
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Objective To explore the clinical characteristics,diagnosis,treatment and outcomes of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor(anti-NMDAR) encephalitis in children.Methods Six children diagnosed as anti-NMDAR encephalitis were recruited at the Department of Neurology,Capital Institute of Pediatrics,from December 2011 to April 2013.The data of clinical characteristics and laboratory examinations were retrospectively analyzed.All the children had long-term follow-ups and the prognosis was assessed.Results (1) Age and course of the disease at the time of the admission:the mean age of the 6 patients (2 female) was 3 years and 5 months,ranging from 2 years and 2 months to 6 years and 8 months.The course of the disease at the time of the admission ranged from 15 to 80 days,with a mean time of 39 days.(2)Clinical characteristics:5 cases had afebrile convulsion and 1 case had speech impairment at the onset of disease.Convulsion occurred in all the 6 cases,4 cases of whom had persistent convulsion,and 5 cases had impaired consciousness.All the 6 cases exhibited aphasia,and complicated with mental or emotional abnormalities,irritability or shouting.Five cases developed into sleep disorders such as sleep deprivation.Five cases had limb and facial involuntary movement,in which 2 cases had stereotyped action.Prominent autonomic nervous dysfunction including hidrosis was found in 1 case.(3) Laboratory examination:cerebrospinal fluid test was normal in 6 cases,and 1 case had slightly increased white blood cell level.Specific anti-NMDAR antibody was positive in serum and/or cerebrospinal fluid in the 6 cases.Electroencephalograph of the 6 cases showed slow wave background during lucid interval,and 5 cases had interictal epileptiform discharges.The skull MRI showed cerebral atrophy 4 cases,and 2 cases of them were complicated with encephalomalacia.No tumor was found in the patients.(4) Treatment and follow-ups:6 cases received gamma globulin or methylprednisolone or other immunotherapy.Three cases received combined therapy with Rituximab,1 case received plasmapheresis,and 1 case received Cyclophosphamide.Follow-ups lasted for 2 to 31 months.Three patients had clinical recovery,and varying degrees of neurological complications were found in 3 cases.Conclusions (1) Anti-NMDAR encephalitis is common in children.(2) The specificity of its clinical symptoms is not strong.The incidence of convulsion is high,and different degrees of consciousness disorders may occur in some of the severe patients.Degeneration of language function and emotional changes can be observed.Most pediatric patients have abnormal movement,and the symptoms of automatic nervous system are not prominent.(3) The disease can be confirmed by the specific anti-NMDAR antibody in the spinal fluid or plasma.(4) The time of clinical recovery is long,and an early immunotherapy is associated with a better prognosis.
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BACKGROUND:Fibrin glue introduced into calcium phosphate cement has not been confirmed whether this way could overcome the compressive limits and the low degradation of calcium phosphate cement and to modify the biological properties of calcium phosphate cement. OBJECTIVE:To explore the mechanical and biological properties of calcium phosphate cement/fibrin glue at different powder/liquid ratio for bone regeneration in vitro. METHODS:Calcium phosphate cement and fibrin glue were mixed at ratios of 1:1, 3:1, 5:1 (mL/g), and the pure calcium phosphate cement served as controls. Setting time, scanning electron microscope and the biomechanical test were used to analyze the composite scaffold structure, physical performance and the mechanical properties. Passage 3 osteoblasts were respectively inoculated on the material surface of the four groups, and pure cells served as blank controls. celladhesion, proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activity were observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The initial and final setting time of calcium phosphate cement/fibrin glue at 1:1 and 3:1 (mL/g) was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05), while the initial and final setting time of calcium phosphate cement/fibrin glue at 5:1 (mL/g) was lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). Scanning electron microscope showed smoother and denser surface of composite scaffolds compared with the pure calcium phosphate cement. The aperture of the composite scaffolds was decreased with the increasing concentration of fibrin glue. The compressive strength of composite scaffolds at 3:1 and 5:1 was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05), while the modulus of the composite scaffolds at 1:1, 3:1, 5:1 was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). celladhesion, proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activity showed no difference among the three composite scaffold and control groups, but al higher than the blank control group (P<0.05). These findings indicate that fibrin glue introduced into calcium phosphate cement can overcome the low-strength limits of calcium phosphate cement, and maintain the good biological properties of calcium phosphate cement for bone regeneration.
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Objective To explore the structure of self-developed "The Compliance Scale Among Kidney Transplantation Recipients" in order to provide effective tool to evaluate kidney transplantation recipients' compliance. Methods 886 follow-up kidney transplantation recipients of six organ transplantation centers in Shanghai were surveyed by "The Compliance Scale Among Kidney Transplantation Recipients". Results The exploratory factor analysis yielded a 25-item four-factor model termed medication compliance, life habits compliance, self-monitoring compliance, follow-up compliance. Conclusions The self-developed "The Compliance Scale Among Kidney Transplantation Recipients" could be a useful tool for evaluating compliance among kidney transplantation recipients.